摘要：照明用電是學(xué)校一項(xiàng)基本的電力需求，學(xué)校具有區(qū)域大、房間多、燈具數(shù)量多、休息時(shí)間基本固定等諸多特點(diǎn)，若采用傳統(tǒng)的照明控制，往往布線(xiàn)繁多、不能充分利用自然光照而造成電力浪費(fèi)，且控制麻煩，即使嚴(yán)格管理，仍不可避免地由于忘記關(guān)燈而造成巨大的能源浪費(fèi)。為了達(dá)到節(jié)能優(yōu)化的控制效果，學(xué)?？刹捎弥悄苷彰骺刂葡到y(tǒng)來(lái)管理學(xué)校照明。智能照明控制系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)的照明控制方式相比較，布線(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)潔，控制靈活方便，可以節(jié)約電能。

Abstract: lighting electricity is a basic power demand of the school. The school has many characteristics, such as large area, large number of rooms, large number of lamps and basic fixed rest time. If the traditional lighting control is adopted, the power waste is often caused by many wiring, unable to make full use of natural light, and the control trouble is inevitable because of forgetting to turn off the lights. In order to achieve the control effect of energy saving optimization, schools can use Smart lighting control system to manage school lighting. Compared with the traditional lighting control mode, the Smart lighting control system has simple wiring, flexible and convenient control, and can save electric energy. 

關(guān)鍵詞：學(xué)校；照明；傳統(tǒng)照明；智能照明；節(jié)能。

Keyword: School; Lighting; Traditional Lighting; Smart Lighting; Green Energy

0.前言 Background

安科瑞智能照明控制系統(tǒng)（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)：系統(tǒng)）基于KNX總線(xiàn)技術(shù)，采用四芯屏蔽雙絞線(xiàn)將面板、傳感器、驅(qū)動(dòng)器和總線(xiàn)電源等所有的控制模塊手拉手連接起來(lái)，將各種獨(dú)立的控制功能集成到一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，集舒服、靈活、安全、節(jié)能經(jīng)濟(jì)、維護(hù)方便等諸多優(yōu)勢(shì)于一體。

智能便捷的控制方式還可以滿(mǎn)足學(xué)校照明的各種控制需求。下面介紹安科瑞智能照明控制系統(tǒng)在某中學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用，簡(jiǎn)析KNX技術(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范，概述安科瑞智能照明控制系統(tǒng)的具體架構(gòu)、控制方式等.

Acrel Smart Lighting Control system (hereinafter referred to as the system) is based on KNX bus technology, using four-core shielded twisted-pair wire to connect all control modules, such as panel, sensor, driver and bus power supply hand in hand, and integrates various independent control functions into a system, which integrates many advantages, such as comfort, flexibility, safety, energy saving and economy, and convenient maintenance.

Smart and convenient control mode can also meet the various control needs of school lighting. Here is the design and application of Acrel Smart lighting control system in a middle school, a brief analysis of the design specifications of KNX technology, and an overview of the specific structure and control mode of Acrel Smart lighting control system.

1.系統(tǒng)組成system composition

系統(tǒng)組成結(jié)構(gòu)圖如圖1所示，總線(xiàn)電源、驅(qū)動(dòng)器、網(wǎng)關(guān)、耦合器、輸入模塊等需安裝在配電箱內(nèi)，傳感器一般安裝在公共區(qū)，面板和觸摸屏一般安裝在房間值班室內(nèi)。注意各模塊接線(xiàn)不能組成環(huán)形。相對(duì)小型的項(xiàng)目，系統(tǒng)可選用10寸中控屏，它無(wú)需IP網(wǎng)關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)換協(xié)議，設(shè)置簡(jiǎn)單且成本低。對(duì)于相對(duì)大型的項(xiàng)目，可通過(guò)IP網(wǎng)關(guān)連接到電腦，實(shí)現(xiàn)終端遠(yuǎn)程控制。

The structure diagram of the system composition is shown in figure 1. The bus power supply, driver, gateway, coupler, input module and so on need to be installed in the distribution box, the sensor is generally installed in the common area, and the panel and touch screen are generally installed in the room duty room. Note that each module wiring can not form a ring. A relatively small project, the system can choose 10 inch central control screen, it does not need to IP the gateway conversion protocol, simple setting and low cost. For relatively large projects, the terminal remote control can be realized by connecting to the computer through the IP gateway.

Network Graph

Figure1.  Acrel Smart Lighting Control System

2.項(xiàng)目需求Project requirements

與客戶(hù)溝通后，學(xué)校要求能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)以下控制功能：

After communicating with customers, the school requires the following control functions:

1）可以充分利用自然照度，進(jìn)行節(jié)能。

2）教室、辦公室可以就地手動(dòng)控制，也可后臺(tái)控制。

3）走廊燈可根據(jù)有人無(wú)人、照度條件實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制。

4）可根據(jù)日常上下課時(shí)間實(shí)現(xiàn)定時(shí)控制。

5）可預(yù)先設(shè)置多種場(chǎng)景一鍵切換控制。

6）中控端可一對(duì)一、一對(duì)多實(shí)現(xiàn)分區(qū)控制。

7）值班人員可對(duì)學(xué)校照明集中控制、遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。

8）可以和消防系統(tǒng)聯(lián)動(dòng)控制。

1) Fully use of natural illumination for energy saving.

2) Classroom, office can be manually controlled on the spot, but also backstage control.

3) Corridor lamp can be automatically controlled according to the condition of no one and illumination.

4) Realize timing control according to daily class time.

5) Pre-set a variety of scenarios one-click switching control.

6) Control terminal can be one-to-one, one-to-many partition control.

7) Particularly on duty staff can centralized control of school lighting, remote monitoring.

8) Shall be linked to the fire control system.

3.系統(tǒng)功能介紹 System Function

根據(jù)客戶(hù)需求，該項(xiàng)目可以有多種控制方式可供選擇，如本地控制、自動(dòng)感應(yīng)控制、定時(shí)控制、遠(yuǎn)程集中控制等，控制方式更靈活，在實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化的同時(shí)，大量減少了值班人員的管理費(fèi)用，提高了管理水平和工作效率。

According to the needs of customers, the project can have a variety of control methods to choose from, such as local control, automatic induction control, timing control, remote centralized control and so on, the control mode is more flexible, while realizing automation, It greatly reduces the management cost of duty personnel and improves the management level and working efficiency.

1）自動(dòng)控制：

在走道，電梯間等公共區(qū)域，安裝二合一傳感器，可監(jiān)測(cè)當(dāng)前環(huán)境的光照度及有無(wú)人活動(dòng)的情況，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制。在照度夠用的情況下（如晴天、正午），有人或是無(wú)人，燈都不會(huì)亮；在照度不夠的情況下（如陰雨天、夜晚），有人燈亮，人走后，延時(shí)燈滅。

在教室、老師辦公室等功能區(qū)靠窗位置安裝照度傳感器，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)當(dāng)前照度情況，照度夠用時(shí)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉靠窗位置的燈，充分利用自然照度。

2）手動(dòng)控制：

各個(gè)教室、辦公室門(mén)口安裝有智能面板，可對(duì)房間內(nèi)照明實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)手動(dòng)控制。面板可實(shí)現(xiàn)一對(duì)一、一對(duì)多控制。

3）場(chǎng)景控制：

對(duì)學(xué)校景觀照明、教學(xué)樓大廳照明、重要會(huì)議室照明可根據(jù)不同場(chǎng)景的控制需求,預(yù)先設(shè)定多種場(chǎng)景模式，并由值班人員進(jìn)行一鍵切換。

4）定時(shí)控制：

系統(tǒng)按照學(xué)校早讀和下晚自習(xí)的時(shí)間，設(shè)置定時(shí)開(kāi)關(guān)，完成燈光的自動(dòng)控制，確保在非工作時(shí)間內(nèi)的減小能源消耗。

5）電腦集中監(jiān)控：

電腦端控制頁(yè)面主要有首頁(yè)、樓層控制頁(yè)面組成?？梢詫?shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程實(shí)現(xiàn)集中控制，實(shí)時(shí)反饋現(xiàn)場(chǎng)回路的開(kāi)關(guān)狀態(tài)，方便值班人員遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。

監(jiān)控軟件由標(biāo)題欄、任務(wù)欄及工作界面組成。標(biāo)題欄：主要體現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng)及時(shí)間。導(dǎo)航條（任務(wù)條）：可以在任意頁(yè)面之間進(jìn)行切換、選擇。工作界面：根據(jù)樓層及房間布局，對(duì)控制進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單劃分，可實(shí)現(xiàn)單燈控制，多回路控制等控制功能。

首頁(yè)面作為系統(tǒng)的啟動(dòng)頁(yè)，設(shè)置內(nèi)容一般可根據(jù)客戶(hù)要求，呈現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目介紹，項(xiàng)目效果圖，項(xiàng)目平面圖，或項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)圖等，具體設(shè)置以實(shí)際要求為主，如圖2所示。

該項(xiàng)目有多個(gè)樓層控制頁(yè)面，以教室為控制單位，每個(gè)教室中有照明回路單開(kāi)關(guān)和總開(kāi)關(guān)、風(fēng)扇空調(diào)單開(kāi)關(guān)和總開(kāi)關(guān)、插座電源單開(kāi)關(guān)和總開(kāi)關(guān)，樓層總開(kāi)關(guān)及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)狀態(tài)反饋兩種狀態(tài)量，此外還設(shè)有定時(shí)開(kāi)關(guān)方便用戶(hù)自行設(shè)置定時(shí)控制時(shí)間。

1) Automatic control:

In common areas such as walkways and elevators, two-in-one sensors can be installed to monitor the illumination of the current environment and whether there is any activity, and to realize automatic control. In the case of sufficient illumination (such as sunny days, noon), someone or no one, the lamp will not light; in the case of insufficient illumination (such as rainy days, nights), someone lights on, people go, the delay lights out.

The illuminance sensor is installed in the window position of the classroom, the teacher's office and other functional areas, and the current illumination situation is monitored in real time. When the illumination is sufficient, the lamp in the window position is automatically closed, and the natural illumination is fully utilized.

2) manual control:

Each classroom, office door is equipped with Smart panel, which can realize manual control of room lighting. Panel can achieve one-to-one, one-to-many control.

3) scene control:

For the school landscape lighting, teaching building hall lighting, important conference room lighting can be based on the control needs of different scenes, set up a variety of scene modes in advance, and by the staff on duty one-click switch.

4) timing control:

According to the time of school early reading and next evening self-study, the system sets the timing switch to complete the automatic control of lighting and ensure the reduction of energy consumption during non-working hours.

5) computer centralized monitoring:

The computer end control page mainly has the home page, the floor control page composition. It can realize remote centralized control, feedback the switch state of field loop in real time, and facilitate remote monitoring of duty personnel.

Monitoring software consists of title bar, task bar and working interface. Title bar: mainly reflects the project name and time. Navigation bar (task bar): you can switch between any page, select. Work interface: according to the floor and room layout, the control is simply divided, can achieve single lamp control, multi-loop control and other control functions.

The home page is used as the starting page of the system. The setting content can generally present the project introduction, project effect diagram, project plan, or project structure diagram according to the customer's request. The concrete setting is based on the actual requirements, as shown in figure 2.

The project has a number of floor control pages, with the classroom as the control unit, each classroom has a lighting circuit single switch and main switch, fan air conditioning single switch and main switch, socket power single switch and main switch, floor main switch and field state feedback two state quantities, In addition, there is a timing switch to facilitate users to set their own timing control time.

Figure 2.  Central Control Platform Home Page

4.相關(guān)圖紙 Relative Drawing

學(xué)校照明系統(tǒng)采用Acrel-Bus智能照明系統(tǒng)，由于系統(tǒng)采用KNX分布式總線(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)。布線(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單靈活，各模塊可獨(dú)立工作互不影響，系統(tǒng)可靠性更高。模塊工作在直流30V安全電壓下，用戶(hù)操作更加安全。升級(jí)或更改系統(tǒng)功能時(shí)，無(wú)需關(guān)閉整個(gè)系統(tǒng)，只需更改設(shè)備參數(shù)即可。系統(tǒng)報(bào)警定位功能，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)并上傳集中控制端，方便設(shè)備人員準(zhǔn)確定位并及時(shí)報(bào)修。下面通過(guò)一些項(xiàng)目圖紙?jiān)敿?xì)介紹該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)流程。

The school lighting system adopts Acrel-Bus Smart lighting system, because the system adopts KNX distributed bus structure. The wiring is simple and flexible, each module can work independently without influence, and the system reliability is higher. Module working in DC 30V safe voltage, user operation is more secure. When upgrading or changing system functions, you do not need to turn off the whole system, just change the device parameters. System alarm positioning function, real-time monitoring and upload centralized control end, convenient equipment personnel accurate positioning and timely repair. The following is a detailed introduction to the design process of the system through some project drawings.

1）結(jié)構(gòu)拓?fù)鋱D

系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)拓?fù)鋱D（見(jiàn)圖3）是對(duì)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施整體結(jié)構(gòu)布局的一個(gè)規(guī)劃，如圖可知，該學(xué)校共有A、B、C三棟樓設(shè)計(jì)了智能照明控制。由于每一層箱子比較多，所以布線(xiàn)的時(shí)候按樓層進(jìn)行支線(xiàn)劃分。同一支線(xiàn)內(nèi)所有的控制模塊都通過(guò)總線(xiàn)線(xiàn)纜連接到一起，每條支線(xiàn)的所有數(shù)據(jù)量匯總到耦合器、網(wǎng)關(guān)，再經(jīng)由交換機(jī)到達(dá)監(jiān)控室，實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程集中控制。

Figure 3. Topology of System Structure

2）配電系統(tǒng)圖Distribution System Diagram

配電系統(tǒng)圖主要明確了控制回路，所需的控制模塊及其數(shù)量，方便后期ETS配置系統(tǒng)功能。以某教室智能照明配電系統(tǒng)圖（見(jiàn)圖4）為例，可以看到該配電箱共分配了一個(gè)12路開(kāi)關(guān)驅(qū)動(dòng)器，箱內(nèi)模塊可通過(guò)總線(xiàn)線(xiàn)纜連接到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制面板、傳感器等設(shè)備。

Distribution system diagram mainly defines the control circuit, the required control module and its number, convenient for the later ETS configuration system function. Taking the diagram of Smart lighting and distribution system in a classroom (see figure 4) as an example, it can be seen that the distribution box is allocated a 12-way switch driver, and the module in the box can be connected to the field control panel, sensor and other equipment through the bus cable.

Figure 4.  Distribution System Diagram

Scene

5.結(jié)束語(yǔ)Ending

本文詳細(xì)介紹了Acrel-Bus智能照明系統(tǒng)的組成、功能和設(shè)計(jì)流程。

綜上可知，該系統(tǒng)在學(xué)校的應(yīng)用具有布線(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單，用戶(hù)操作安全，系統(tǒng)可靠性更高，維護(hù)方便，操作簡(jiǎn)單等諸多優(yōu)勢(shì)。筆者在該項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施中，也深刻體會(huì)到該系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，設(shè)計(jì)施工比較簡(jiǎn)便，在使用過(guò)程中降低了能源消耗并且提高管理的水平，具有很大的推廣性。

A detailed introduction is given to the composition, function and design flow of Acrel-Bus Smart lighting system.

In summary, the application of the system in the school has many advantages, such as simple wiring, safe user operation, higher system reliability, convenient maintenance, simple operation and so on. In the implementation of the project, when you deeply realized that the structure of the system is clear, the design and construction is relatively simple, the energy consumption is reduced and the management level is improved in the process of use, and it has great popularization.

參考文獻(xiàn) Bibliography

1.Solutions For Enterprise Micro-grid System 2020.02